Notes

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 * March 13, 2012**
 * Summarize steps in Punnet squares**


 * Genotype:The genes of an organism; for one specific trait we use two letters to represent the genotype. A capital letter represents the dominant form of a gene ( allele) and a lowercase letter is the abbreviation for the recessive form of the gene ( allele).**
 * _**
 * March 15,2012**


 * Today i learned about punnet squares, and i understand what we are doing, i just have to pay attention and listen it seem's pretty easy, what we are learning right, now im a freshman but it seem's like we are doing 12th grade work in biology and it's fun what we are doing. It's cool how you do it and have to figure out what letter it's you are going to figure out for. My glow is i can help someone with their writing of how to write their letter's capital and figure out how to add the percentage's of homozygous and heterozygous. My grow is i also learned the difference of homozygous and heterzygous, and i know that Mom mean's heterozygous and Dad is brown so that i can understand the difference and figure out quicker but far as anything else i think i got it how to see what im going to add and write for the genotype, Phenotype.**
 * March 20,2012**


 * __Punnett Square Practice Question #2__ **
 * In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horns is recessive. Draw a Punnet Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring. **
 * Record the definitions of these words into your vocabulary journals.**
 * **ancestry**
 * **migration**
 * **distribution**
 * **pull factor**
 * **push factor**
 * **surname**


 * What is your surname:**


 * My name was not found in any of the states on the map, i think that my name is rare for people to use the last name Pointer.**


 * The Orgin of Pointer is English.**


 * It's probably just not been used in any of the states or my name could be name after someone, or family marriage. When you marry into a family your last name change's, so that's why my name is probably not on the united states map, people now and day do use the last name pointer cause i think that it's a carcasion name.**
 * Today i learned about the orgin's of last names and, how to tell how many times your last name is used on the map in the united states, and the way to figure out what you orgin stands in as what the trait your last name is used in or who it stand for like the sponsor.**


 * March 22, 2012**
 * Research Ellis Island: Is an island in [|New York Harbor] and was the gateway for millions of [|immigrants] to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954.**
 * what is it used for? It is now a historical national park and a museum.**
 * Why is it located where is it? Basically to find the national Park or Museum In New york.**
 * **Ellis Island is located in the New York Harbour.**


 * When did it recieve most Immigrants? Due to harsher and harsher legislation, immigration through Ellis Island began to decrease. Finally, in 1954, Ellis Island was shut down by the Immigration Services and transferred its activities back to Manhattan.**
 * Do you think/know if any of your ancestors traveled through Ellis Island? Maybe my grandfather have done traveled through Ellis Island because construction work and probably have been to New York Harbor and look at the National Park and Musuem, or could have drove by.**
 * Find 3 times that people viewed America as a pull factor, and be sure to list the push factors that were making them be "pulled" to America.**
 * Jacob Lawrence " Education "**
 * Railroad Labor**
 * Jacob Lawrence " Recruitment "**


 * April 3, 2012**
 * What i done over spring break**


 * Over spring break i didn't really do anything just sit around the house and chill.**


 * On saturday i played basketball with my cousin, and sunday i went to church**


 * Then it was really just a break for me because my break is going to be in july, because im going to florida with my dad and have some fun because im getting older now and their really nothing to do forreal in Alabama.**


 * I went to my grandparent's house and stayed with them, for a few day's talk to my grandfather while i was spending time with them over soring break, i also went to the court house and tryed for my permit.**


 * Then i went home wednesday evening and Played my game, then i went into my closeth and threw away some stuff that i don't need any more and i took it to the Hannah home.**


 * April 26, 2012**
 * Understanding Genetic Disorders**
 * A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. To learn more about different genetic disorders, browse through the Genetic Disorder Library. **
 * Genetic disorders are diseases that can be passed from parents to children. Some disorders may be inherited if only one parent has the abnormal gene, while others can be inherited only if both parents have the abnormal gene. **
 * If one or both parents have a defective gene or have a genetic disorder, the risk of passing the disorder on to a child is the same with each pregnancy. Having one healthy or one affected child doesn't change the odds that future children will or will not be affected. **
 * If the baby's mother or father or anyone in either of their families has a genetic disorder, genetic counseling may help the family decide what type of prenatal testing they want. **
 * A mutation is change in one or more genes. Mutation might cause parts of a gene to be missing. Sometimes mutations switch parts of the DNA code around. Each of those things may cause a disorder. **
 * About five percent of babies are born with a genetic disorder. To understand why, you need to understand heredity (huh-REH-duh-tee). Heredity is the passing of genes from parent to child. Each parent passes down half of his or her genes to the child. The genes control traits and many other things. **
 * Sometimes parents pass a mutant gene to their child. Let’s say one parent has a faulty gene. There is a fifty percent chance that the child will receive a copy of that gene. Scientists think that every human carries between five to ten mutated genes. Just one mutated gene can cause health problems. **
 * Genetic disorders are common and be harmless. About one out of every ten adults has a genetic defect. For example, people with polydactyl (pah-lee-DAK-tuh-lee) are born with extra fingers or toes. Such a condition usually has no effect on a parson’s quality of life. Those born with color-blindness can’t tell the difference between certain colors. Other genetic disorders are more serious. One such disease is neurofibromatosis (nuhr-oh-fy-broth-muh-TOH-suhs). It causes the body to develop in abnormal ways. **
 * Joseph Merrick likely had this disease as well as Proteus (PROH-tee-uhs) syndrome, another genetic disorder. His life was made into a movie called the Elephant Man. **
 * Merrick’s skull and nose were very deformed. Some people said he looked an elephant. **
 * Some genetic disorders may not show up right away. Instead, they cause problems as a person ages. Certain types of Alzheimer’s disease usually appear when a person is sixty-five or older. Alzheimer’s attack’s parts of the brain. Thought, memory, and languages abilities suffer. The disease makes it hard for people to do daily tasks and to remember things. **
 * Some genetic defects can cause death. In fact, genetic disorders are one of the chief causes of infant’s deaths. Some babies are born without body parts. Others may be twins who fused together in the womb. Some twins are joined at the head, hips, or shoulders. **
 * Conjoined twins often share some body parts. About seventy-five percent of them don't survive. Some conjoined twins can live long lives while still attached to each other. **
 * Other conjoined twins are not so lucky. If doctors cannot seperate them, they might not survive. **